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Chapter 9 in Ph.D. thesis "Studies on Robust Control of Distillation Columns" by Sigurd Skogestad, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, January 1987

Abstract. Jafarey et al. (1979) derived a simple analytical expression for the separation factor S. This paper provides a simpler and more instructive derivation of this expression, and also evaluates its validity for estimating steady-state gains and RGA-values. The results show that the expression gives a good estimate of how S changes with internal flows, but describes poorly its variation with external flows. Fortunately, when computing the steady-state gains, this error is often not important.